Articles with tag: «russia»
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2023 № 2 Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Russia and Rno-Alania during the COVID-19 pandemic
The study of the combination of diseases at the present stage of development of medicine is extremely relevant. Among the combined effect of various pathologies on humans and populations, two main concepts are distinguished: comorbidity (the combined effect of diseases on a patient or group), including the underlying and concomitant diseases, and syndemia (the combined effect of diseases at the population level).
P u r p o s e : to analyze the epidemiology of tuberculosis during the COVID‑19 pandemic to identify trends in Russia as a whole and in North Ossetia-Alania.
M e t h o d s : a theoretical analysis of the current research situation in Russia in relation to the tuberculosis and COVID‑19 syndemics was carried out. The data sources were annual forms of federal statistical observation.
R e s u l t s : Significant factors that slow down the dynamics of improving the epidemic situation for tuberculosis in Russia and North Ossetia-Alania are the reduction in the coverage of the population with preventive examinations for tuberculosis. In general, a clear syndemic between the epidemiology of TB and the COVID19 pandemic has not been identified both for Russia and according to the results of the analysis of statistics in RNO Alania. There are social trends to reduce the coverage of the population and belated primary treatment of patients with a general practitioner and phthisiatrician, as well as persons removed from the dispensary, so there is an increase in the proportion of severe forms of TB (with lung tissue destruction, fibrous-cavernous type).
C o n c l u s i o n s : The identified trends indicate a later appeal of patients during the pandemic and a decrease in population coverage in Russia and in the analysis of data for North Ossetia-Alania. The increase in the proportion of severe forms of tuberculosis is more likely to be associated with the above trends, and not with syndemic. Trends in the dynamics of TB indicators in Russia and North Ossetia-Alania are similar in terms of comparing negative or positive increases in indicators. -
2015 № 8 Operation mechanisms, priorities and volumes of financial support of research in health care in Russia and in the USA
The article demonstrates that Russia’s amount of finance in research and development is less than 2,5% from the global budget, while the amount of financing of only three countries – USA, China and Japan takes up to 50%. It was suggested that incomparability of Russia’s internal amount of financing in development of the citizens science sector compared to developed countries allows to identify a limited number of research areas as priorities of scientific-technological development of the country. There was compared and contrasted the amount of spending on research and development in biomedicine in USA and in Russia. It is demonstrated that the basic amount of financing of 27 research centers, included in the US National Health Institutes network, in 2014 exceeded the amount of financing of 104 Russian medical scientific-research institutes subordinate to Russian Minisry of Health care and Federal Agency of scientific organizations by 173 times. A conclusion was drawn about the appropriateness of substantial increase of the amount of state financing in fundamental, exploration and related research in the field of biomedicine in case the life sciences are preserved as priority areas for scientific-technological and social development in Russia. There is emphasized the necessity to eliminate all administrative and tax barriers, preventing active participation of domestic industrial entities in co-financing the development of Russian drug substances and medical equipment.
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2015 № 3 Medical sciences after optimizing the chain of dissertation councils in Russia
The article explored outcomes of optimizing a network of dissertation councils in Russia in the period between 2013 and 2015 years.The subject structure of world science was compared with anticipated after optimization disciplinary structure of highly qualified Russian scientific personnel body. To make the comparison complete, there was evaluated the gravity of publication flow volume per certain subjects in data bases like Web of Science and the contribution of certain related areas in forming research frontlines according to data of Essential Science Indicators. It was factually proven that project's realization contributes to the process of balancing out the structure of reproduced body of highly qualified personnel in Russia and of the world's science subject structure. In addition to that, it was noted that by the end of 2015 year Russia will witness a groundlessly low share of dissertation councils in medicine and similarly groundlessly in the context of global science development trends a high share of councils in economics sciences.
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2016 № 9 History of the development of breakthrough biomedical areas: lessons for Russia
On the example of development of technologies of reprogramming to obtain induced pluripotent stem cells estimated timelines for the transformation of the results of breakthrough fundamental research into commercial high-tech product in Japan, USA and Russia. The conclusion is that a key role in accelerating the life cycle of research and development play a growing high-tech companies and large industrial companies interested in diversifying their business strategies. It is stated a critical lag of the development of life cycle studies in this field in Russia and investigates its causes.
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2016 № 10 The history of the development of breakthrough biomedical areas: lessons for Russia
An analysis was conducted of a model for accelerating the life cycle of research and development, as well as temporary parameters for transforming fundamental industrial perspective using an example of reprogramming technologies for obtaining induced pluripotent stem cells. It is shown that the key role in accelerating the industrial life cycle is played by the fast growing medium high technological companies and large industrial companies, interested in diversification of their business strategies. There has been recorded a significant deceleration in the development of the life cycle in this area in Russia, and its causes have been identified.
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2015 № 10 Biomedicine priorities in the focus of the practical assessment of the prospects applications (Federal Research)
Using genome-sequencing as an example there are analysed risks when choosing priorities for science and technologies development in Russia, based only on the analysis of trends in development of global biomedicine, but not factoring resource provision of the direction. It is demonstrated that in today’s Russia there is a lack of sufficient numbers of competent doctors-genetics. The volume of core courses in medical universities (36 hours) in Russian Federation is inadequate to the intensity of the development of this direction and growth in numbers of genetic diseases. Modern domestic park of sequenators is represented by the equipment of early generation, using which prevents it to meet the world standards of research in the area of genome medicine. In practice the technology of genome sequencing is not widely used in the health care due to high costs of the diagnostics procedures. There is a conclusion drawn about unviability of choice as a priority direction of development, which doesn’t have the personnel and instrumental provision as well as demand in the real sector of economy.
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2013 № 8 Regional differences in the utilization of CT in the goverment health care sector of Russia (Moscow, Russia)
Investigated availability and utilization of CT services in the public healthcare system in Russia. Presented differences in availability of diagnostic equipment in Russian regions. Identified inequality among regions in the volumes of carried CT exams, CT exams per 10000 population as well as a significant difference in technical efficiency of equipment utilization. Presented differences in key performance indicators of CT service between Russia and OECD countries.
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2014 № 11 Data on the number of homeless and neglected minors, placed in medical-preventative organizations in 2013 over time from 2009 to 2013 years (Federal Research Institute for Health Care Organization and Information of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russian Federation, Moscow)
There is presented data on the number of homeless and neglected minors, placed in medical-preventative organizations in 2013 over time from 2009 to2013 years. There was analyzed it's morbidity (including socially associated diseses) in Russia as a whole and in constituent members of the Federation. Moreover, there are analyzed outcomes of their stay in stationaries, frequency of mortality outcomes by territories. There has been stated an increase in growth of morbidity among homeless children infected with such diseases as tuberculosis, HIV as well as infractions and toxications.